![]() In 1892, the same year he dropped out of university, Shiki published a serialized work advocating haiku reform, Dassai Shooku Haiwa or "Talks on Haiku from the Otter's Den". ĭespite an atmosphere of decline, only a year or so after his 1883 arrival in Tokyo, Shiki began writing haiku. There were no great living practitioners although these forms of poetry retained some popularity. Shiki, at times, expressed similar sentiments. (His earliest surviving work is a school essay, Yōken Setsu ("On Western Dogs"), where he praises the varied utility of western dogs as opposed to Japanese ones, which "only help in hunting and scare away burglars." )Ĭontemporary to Shiki was the idea that traditional Japanese poetic short forms, such as the haiku and tanka, were waning due to their incongruity in the modern Meiji period. While Shiki is best known as a haiku poet, he wrote other genres of poetry, prose criticism of poetry, autobiographical prose, and was a short prose essayist. Others say tuberculosis, an illness that dogged his later life, was the reason he left school. But by 1892 Shiki, by his own account too engrossed in haiku writing, failed his final examinations, left the Hongō dormitory that had been provided to him by a scholarship, and dropped out of college. He entered Tokyo Imperial University in 1890. While studying here, the teenage Shiki enjoyed playing baseball and befriended fellow student Natsume Sōseki, who would go on to become a famous novelist. (Daigaku Yobimon) affiliated with Imperial University ( Teikoku Daigaku). Shiki was first enrolled in Kyōritsu Middle School and later matriculated into University Preparatory School. In 1883, a maternal uncle arranged for him to come to Tokyo. The young Shiki first attended his hometown Matsuyama Middle School, where Kusama Tokiyoshi, a leader of the discredited Freedom and People's Rights Movement, had recently served as principal. Around this time he developed an interest in moving to Tokyo and did so in 1883. Īt age 15 Shiki became something of a political radical, attaching himself to the then-waning Freedom and People's Rights Movement and getting himself banned from public speaking by the principal of Matsuyama Middle School, which he was attending. Shiki later confessed to being a less-than-diligent student. Kanzan was the first of Shiki's extra-school tutors at the age of 7 the boy began reading Mencius under his tutelage. His mother, Yae, was a daughter of Ōhara Kanzan, a Confucian scholar. His father, Tsunenao (正岡常尚), was an alcoholic who died when Shiki was five years of age. ![]() ![]() ![]() As a child, he was called Tokoronosuke (處之助) in adolescence, his name was changed to Noboru (升). Shiki, or rather Tsunenori (常規) as he was originally named, was born in Matsuyama City in Iyo Province (present day Ehime Prefecture) to a samurai class family of modest means. Some consider Shiki to be one of the four great haiku masters, the others being Matsuo Bashō, Yosa Buson, and Kobayashi Issa. Shiki is regarded as a major figure in the development of modern haiku poetry, credited with writing nearly 20,000 stanzas during his short life. Masaoka Shiki ( 正岡 子規, Octo– September 19, 1902), pen-name of Masaoka Noboru (正岡 升), was a Japanese poet, author, and literary critic in Meiji period Japan. In this Japanese name, the surname is Masaoka. ![]()
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